Biological source: It consists of leaves of Digitalis purpurea.
Family: Scrophulariaceae.
Chemical constituents:
1) It mainly contains cardiac glycoside (about 0.2 to 0.45%).
2) It contains purpurea glycoside A and purpurea glycoside B.
3) It also contains digitoxin, gitoxin, digitoxigenin, gitoxigenin, digitose, gitaloxin.
4) It also contains saponin, flavanoids, tannins and pectin.
Uses:
1) It is a cardiac stimulant and tonic.
2) It also used as a diuretic.
3) It is used in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
2. Ergot:
Biological source: It is a dried sclerotium of fungus Claviceps purpurea.
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Chemical constituents:
1) It contains about 0.1 to 0.25% of indole alkaloids.
2) Water soluble indole alkaloids are ergometrine and water insoluble are ergotamine and ergotoxine.
3)
It also contains ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergocornine and methylergometrine.
Uses:
1) It produces oxytocic effect.
2) It is used in the treatment of migraine.
3)
3) It is used in labour pain to assist delivery.
3. Vinca:
Synonym: Catharanthus, Vinca rosea, periwrinkle
Biological source: It is a dried whole plant of Catharanthus roseus.
Family: Apocynaceae
Chemical Constituents:
1) Vinca contains wide varieties of chemicals including the glycosides and alkaloids
2) The important alkaloids with anticancer property are vincristine and vinblastine.
3) The other alkaloids are ajmalicine and serpentine.
Uses:
1) It also exhibits hypotensive and antidiabetic activity.
2) Vincristine is used in leukemia while vinblasitn is used in Hodgkin’s disease.
4. Gokhru
Biological source: The drug consists of dried fully ripe fruits of Tribulus terrestris.
Family: Zygophyllaceae
Chemical constituents:
1) It contains traces of alkaloids harmine and harman.
2) It also contains saponin which on hydrolysis gives diosgenin.
3) The other chemical constituents are fixed oils, traces of resins, mucilages and vanillin.
Uses:
1) It is used as diuretic.
2) It is used as demulcent and common ingredient of ayurvedic preparations.
3) It is used as antiseptic and toxic.
4) It is used in gonorrhea, impotency and kidney stones.
(c) Antirheumatics: The drugs used to relieve or used in the treatment of rheumatism are known as
antirheumatics. E.g. Guggul, colchicum
5. Diastase:
Biological source: Diastase is an amylolytic enzyme found in saliva or pancreatic juice of animals so it is also
known as animal diastase.
Family : Hordeum vulgare
Uses:
1) Diastase from various sources is used as digestant.
2) It is used in the production of predigested starchy food and also for the conversion of starch to fermentable
sugars.
3) It is used in brewing industries.
6. Coriander:
Biological source: Coriandrum sativum.
Family: Umbelliferae.
Chemical constituents:
1) It contains volatile oil (about 0.3 to 1%).
2) It also contains camphor, borneol, fixed oils & tannin. Coriander leaves also contain vitamin A.
Uses:
1) It is used as carminative.
2) It is used as aromatic and flavoring agent.
3) It is also used as diuretic and stimulant stoma
4) It is also used as diuretic and stimulant stomachic.
6. Ergot:
Biological source: It is a dried sclerotium of fungus Claviceps purpurea.
Family: Clavicipitaceae
Geograph
Chemical constituents:
1) It contains about 0.1 to 0.25% of indole alkaloids.
2) Water soluble indole alkaloids are ergometrine and water insoluble are ergotamine and ergotoxine.
3)
It also contains ergocryptine, ergocristine, ergocornine and methylergometrine.
Uses:
1) It produces oxytocic effect.
2) is used in the treatment of migraine.
3) It is used in labour pain to assist delivery.
7. Fennel
Biological source: It consists of dried ripe fruits of Foeniculum vulgare.
Family: Umbelliferae.
Geographi
Chemical constituents:
1) It contains volatile oil, fixed oil and proteins.
2) The main constituent of fennel is fenchone and phenolic ether anethole.
3) It also contains ascorbic acid, citral.
Use
1) It is used as flavoring agent.
2) It is used as carminative.
3) It is used as expectorant, stimulant & stomachic.
8. Coriander:
Biological source: It is the dried ripe fruits of Coriandrum sativum.
Family: Umbelliferae.
Chemical constituents:
1) It contains volatile oil (about 0.3 to 1%).
2) It also contains camphor, borneol, fixed oils & tannin. Coriander leaves also contain vitamin A.
Uses:
1) It is used as carminative.
2) It is used as aromatic and flavoring agent.
3) It is also used as diuretic and stimulant stoma
4) It is also used as diuretic and stimulant stomachic.
9. Cinchona:
Biological source: It contains of dried bark of Cinchona officinalis and Cinchona calisaya.
Family: Rubiaceae.
Chemical constituents:
1) It contains quinoline group of alkaloids.
2) The most important alkaloids are quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine.
Uses:
1)It is used as antimalarial.
2) It is used in rheumatism.
3) It is used as antipyretic.
4) It is used as stomachic and bitter tonic.
10. Rauwolfia
Biological source
: It consists of dried roots & rhizomes of Rauwolfia serpentina.
Family: Apocynaceae.
Chemical constituents:
1) It mainly contains indole alkaloids (about 0.7 to 1.4%).
2) It contains reserpine, reserpinine, serpentine, serpentinine and rescinnamine.
3) It also contains ajmaline, ajmalicine.
4) It also contains fatty acid, unsaturated alcohol and sugars.
Uses:
1) It is used as hypotensive agent.
2) It is used in neuropsychiatric disorder.
3) It is used to increase uterine contraction.
4) It is also used for intestinal disorder and for cardiac arrhythmias.
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